Srila Prabhupada, Stockholm, September 10, 1973 — Don’t think that the plants and trees, they have no life. They are also living entities. We do not accept this theory that the animals have no soul. No. Everyone has got soul. Even the plants, trees, everyone has got soul. They have got different bodies only. It is not that only human being has got the soul, not others. No. Actually if we make analysis what is the symptoms of possessing soul, you will find everywhere. Even in plants’ life you will find. Full Lecture
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Al G. Lightner, NRG: Algae and bacteria accomplish a feat green engineers drool over: the ability to harvest light efficiently for energy. Artificial fuel cells need their secrets to make green energy competitive with fossil fuels (which, by the way, are by-products of plants that used photosynthesis to make the complex hydrocarbons). PhysOrg reported on new attempts at Lawrence Livermore Labs to use X-ray diffraction to probe the secrets of Photosystem II, the plant antenna where the magic happens and water is decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen and electrons. The article paid customary lip service to Mother Nature and long ages without explaining how the complex process arose:
For more than two billion years, nature has employed photosynthesis to oxidize water into molecular oxygen. Photosystem II, the only known biological system that can harness visible light for the photooxidation of water, produces most of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere through a five-step catalytic cycle (S0-to-S4 oxidation states). Light-harvesting proteins in the complex capture solar photons that energize the manganese-calcium cluster and drive a series of oxidations and proton transfers that in the final S4 state forms the bond between oxygen atoms that yields molecular oxygen.
Overall, though, the article was about how human designers, using cutting-edge tools to probe the “photosystem II complex” for secrets, have been unable to duplicate what single cells accomplish. “Doing this study was a monumental achievement that required a large team to make it happen,” one noted. Why so much effort? “We hope to learn from nature’s design principles and apply that knowledge to the design and development of artificial photosynthetic systems.”
“We have demonstrated that the ‘probe before destroy’ strategy of the LCLS is successful even for the highly-sensitive oxygen bridged manganese-calcium cluster in photosystem II at room temperature,” says Vittal Yachandra, a chemist with Berkeley Lab’s Physical Biosciences Division. “This is an important step toward future studies for resolving the composition and atomic structure of the manganese-calcium cluster in the photosystem II complex during the critical formation of oxygen molecules.”
Yachandra is one of the corresponding authors of a paper describing this work in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) titled “Room temperature femtosecond X-ray diffraction of photosystem II microcrystals. The other corresponding authors are Junko Yano, also a chemist with Berkeley Lab’s Physical Biosciences Division, and Uwe Bergmann of SLAC.
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